Hi, getting visibility among core literary public is benchmark
of publishing success and this message is part of an aggressive online campaign
for the promotion and visibility of my two books [1] Political Internet and [2] Intimate Speakers among core reading public in
online space.
It will be really helpful if you are able
to help me forward, share, tweet, post, or tag this message or parts of this
message among potential
beneficiaries of the ideas in the books in your network, your friend’s
network or their networks?
Or anyone should according to you
benefit if they work broadly on anything related to social media, Internet,
society, politics, cyber sexuality, Internet pornography, intimacies,
women and online misogyny, introverts, underprivileged people, Diaspora,
cyberspace, Internet in education, International relations, digital politics,
social media and state, public sphere, civil society, social capital,
contentious politics and so on.
Buy it on Amazon:
Preview on Google Play:
Preview on Google Books:
Preview on Kindle:
Publisher Website:
2. Intimate Speakers: Why Introverted and Socially Ostracized Citizens
Use Social Media, (Fingerprint! 2017).
Buy it on Amazon:
Flipkart:
Blog Review:
goodreadsreviews:
Contact the author
Facebook: https://www.facebook
Twitter: https://twitter.com/b
Blogger: http://bijugayu.blogs
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin
WordPress: https://bijugayu.wo
Tumblr: http://bijugayu.tumblr
Google +: https://plus.google.com/102
Twitter: https://twitter.com/b
Blogger: http://bijugayu.blogs
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin
WordPress: https://bijugayu.wo
Tumblr: http://bijugayu.tumblr
Google +: https://plus.google.com/102
Biju
P R
Author,
Teacher, Blogger
Assistant
Professor of Political Science
Government
Brennen College
Thalassery
Kerala,
India
My Books
1. Political Internet: State and Politics in the Age of Social Media,
(Routledge 2017), Amazon https://www.amazon.in/
2. Intimate Speakers: Why Introverted and Socially Ostracized Citizens Use Social Media, (Fingerprint! 2017)
Amazon: http://www.amazon.in/dp/
1. Political Internet: State and Politics in the Age of Social Media,
(Routledge 2017), Amazon https://www.amazon.in/
2. Intimate Speakers: Why Introverted and Socially Ostracized Citizens Use Social Media, (Fingerprint! 2017)
Amazon: http://www.amazon.in/dp/
According
to 2011 census Population of India was 121,01,93422.Current
Population of India 2013 will be 1,239.26 Millions . India’s population growth caught a faster pace in the third decade of
19th century. Until 1920, India’s population growth was steady due to heavy
loss of human life due to wars, famines and epidemics. The population level
arouse since 1921 due to advancement of technology and control forms to combat
famine and epidemics making such high losses of mankind.
For the first time since the
setup of systematic census in 1881, Indi’s population enhanced by more than 10%
in a decade with census,1931 enumeration a population of 279 million. When
India attained independence with a population of 345 million it faced a series
of challenges in every aspect of statecraft. Due to much controversial
partition 8 million refugees had come into the country from what was now
Pakistan, which was population surplus. At the time of independence, India was
termed as an agricultural country because of the vast majority of masses
residing in rural areas while few percent of the population dwelled in urban
towns and as agriculture was the chief source of income-India being a fertile
land.
Since independence, the
population of India has more than tripled itself. Since 1950, India’s total fertility rate accounted to 6(children/woman) approx. Since
1952, India has been continuously trying to control its population growth which
was increasing at an uncontrolled rate. In 1983, Country took up a national health policy to have a decreased value of total fertility
rate of 2.1 by the year 2000 which concluded to be a hypothetical assumption.
During late 1980s, an aim to have two children/couple by 2000 was declared but
results as being too ambitious. In 2000 India’s population crossed the billion
mark. All figures with respect to population are large in India: 2.7 million
annual births; 8.7 million annual deaths and 1.5 million infant deaths.
Growing population of India
attracted concern since 1947 followed by innumerous policies none of them which
qualified to attain expected results. Above all there has been huge growth in
the population over the decades. As of 2007, United Nations human development
index ranked India 126th, which takes into account social educational and other
human living aspects with Population growth bearing a direct impact on
socio-economic level.
India's total population
stands at 1.21 billion, which is 17.7 per cent more than the last decade, and
population growth of females was higher than that of males. The density of
population in the country has also increased from 325 in 2001 to 382 in 2011 in
per sq km. Among the major states, Bihar occupies the first position with a
density of 1106, surpassing West Bengal which occupied the first position
during 2001. Delhi (11,320) turns out to be the most densely inhabited followed
by Chandigarh (9,258), among all states and UTs, both in 2001 and 2011 Census.
The minimum population density works out in Arunachal Pradesh (17) for both
2001 and 2011 Census.
REASONS FOR INCREASE IN POPULATION:
BIRTH RATE
Poverty
According to ABC News, India currently faces approximately “… 33 births a minute, 2,000 an hour, 48,000 a day, which calculates to nearly 12 million a year”.
According to ABC News, India currently faces approximately “… 33 births a minute, 2,000 an hour, 48,000 a day, which calculates to nearly 12 million a year”.
India currently faces a vicious cycle of population explosion
and poverty. One of the most important reasons for this population increase in
India is poverty. According to Geography.com, “More than 300 million Indians
earn less than US $1 everyday and about 130 million people are jobless
Religious beliefs, Traditions and Cultural Norms
India’s culture runs very deep and far back in history. Due to
the increased population, the educational facilities are very scarce. As a
result, most people still strictly follow ancient beliefs. According to ABC
News, the famous Indian author, Shobha De said, “God said ‘Go forth and
produce’ and we just went ahead and did exactly that.”
DEATH RATE:
Although poverty has increased and the development of the
country continues to be hampered, the improvements in medical facilities have
been tremendous. This improvement might be considered positive, but as far as
population increase is considered, it has only been positive in terms of
increasing the population further. The crude death rate in India in 1981 was
approximately 12.5, and that decreased to approximately 8.7 in 1999. Also, the
infant mortality rate in India decreased from 129 in 1981 to approximately 72
in 1999 (Mapsindia.com, Internet).
MIGRATION:
In countries like the United States (U.S.), immigration plays an
important role in the population increase. However, in countries like India,
immigration plays a very small role in the population change. Although people
from neighboring countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan and Nepal, migrate to
India; at the same time Indians migrate to other countries like the U.S.,
Australia, and the U.K. During the 1971 war between India and Pakistan over
Bangladesh, the immigration rate increased tremendously. However, currently the
migration in India is –0.08 migrants per 1000 population (AskJeeves.com, Internet),
and is decreasing further. This is definitely good for India. This way, the
population might eventually come close to being under control and more people
may get better job opportunities and further education. For example, the
students in my university from India, like myself, have better chances for job
opportunities and better education outside India than we would have had in
India.
Anxieties of population growth
In India today, the problem
has assumed serious proportions. There has been phenomenal increase of
population within the last few decades, reaching upto one hundred crore at the
turn of the century. The density per square mile is about 350. In USA, it is
about 41 per square mile, while in Britain it largely approximates to the
figure in Kerala and West Bengal. In Britain, there is less than one acre of
cultivable land for each individual. Necessarily if the density of population
be large, the pressure on the means of subsistence will also be unduly heavy.
There will not be enough food to go round, and high prices of foodgrains will
keep the lowest income groups on the verge of starvation. The other risk is
that of limited living space. In the past, the plundering nations solved this
by grabbing lands from weaker people, living in under-developed or undeveloped
countries. That is how the Dutch and the English grabbed South African lands,
forced out her peoples or reduced them to slavery. But colonial expansion is
now no longer possible. Hence, the alternative today is to fix attention to the
reclamation and resettlement of waste lands.
EFFECTS OF POPULATION EXPLOSION:
The current rate of population growth in India is 1.58%
and the total fertility rate is 3.11 (AskJeeves.com, Internet).Although the
total fertility rate has decreased, due to the increase in the total number of
women between the ages of 15 and 44 (reproductive ages), the total number of
births has increased. This has lead to the current enormous population size of
approximately 1 billion. This has greatly hampered the development of the
Indian economy. The amount of resources that could have been available to one
person a few years ago now need to be shared between two people, which is not
sufficient for either of them. The population increase has lead to air and
water pollution, unemployment, poverty, lack of educational resources, and even
malnourished women and children.
Air Pollution:
The technological development of India has lead not only
to medical advancements, but also to an increase in the number of factories. That
has lead to air and water pollution. More energy needs to be produced to power
these factories. When fossil fuels - the world's major source of energy - are
burnt, gases are added to the atmosphere. Many cities in India have crossed the
limits of suspended particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and other pollutants
due to vehicular and industrial emissions.
As the population grows, more and more forests are cleared. The
two most common reasons for deforestation are to make houses for increased
number of people to live in, and to use wood as a fuel in the industries. Some
of the diseases caused by air pollution are “respiratory diseases, asthma,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer of the
lung” (World Health Organization, Internet). Due to the tropical climate of
India, air pollution also causes smog which may result in headaches, dizziness,
breathing difficulties, or even mass illness due to carbon monoxide. This slow
murder goes unnoticed because people die of diseases like cancer, asthma, and
heart problems after long exposures to deadly air pollutants.
Besides the untimely deaths of several thousands of people every
year due to air pollution, the pollutants also have a deadly impact on our
national heritage – the historical monuments that have made India proud for
centuries. A classic example of the air pollution effect is the Taj Mahal in
India. The sulfur dioxide in the air because of the pollution caused by the
neighboring industries mixes with atmospheric moisture and settles as sulfuric
acid on the surface of the tomb, making the smooth white marble yellow and
flaky, and forming a subtle fungus that experts have named “marble cancer”
(Central Pollution Control Board, Internet). Trying to save the monument might
mean closing down several industries in the neighborhood. However, this means
that several thousands of people would lose their jobs, resulting in eventual
poverty. This again brings us to the same problem that is the root of all the
problems – population increase.
One of the major issues that have lately been bothering
environmentalists all over the world is global warming. Like glass in a
greenhouse, gases like carbon monoxide admit the sun's light but tend to
reflect back downward the heat that is radiated from the ground below, trapping
heat in the earth's atmosphere. This is called the greenhouse effect.
Water Pollution:
Air pollution is not the only environmental damage being done by
the increasing population. Nowadays water pollution is also one of the increasing
problems due to the population explosion. Water is considered the essence of
life. There is no life without water. One might think that 70% of the earth is
covered with water, so, why worry about the water problem? In fact, 3 sides of
the Indian subcontinent is surrounded by water.
Some of the major types of pollutants are:
Petroleum products required for automobiles, cooking, and other
such human activities.Pesticides and herbicides used for agriculture by the
Indian farmers.Heavy metals from industries, automobiles’ exhausts and mines.
Hazardous wastes.Excessive organic matter like fertilizers and other organic
matter used by farmers.Sediments caused by soil erosion produced by strip
mines, agriculture and roads.Thermal pollution caused by deforestation.
One of the classic examples of water pollution in India is the
river Ganga. As we can observe, the increased population
size is leading to increased pollution, which in turn is leading to a more
hostile environment for human beings themselves.
Unemployment and Illiteracy:
Resources of all types are limited, even employment, especially
in India. India, being a developing country, has a limited number of jobs
available. Due to the increasing number of people, the competition for the most
menial jobs is also tremendous. According to EconomyWatch.com, in 1972-73,
unemployment rates in rural areas were 1.2 for males and 0.5 for females, and
in urban areas, it was 4.8 for males and 6.0 for females. This unemployment
rate rose to 2.3 for males and 1.5 for females in rural areas and 4.9 for males
and 8.2 for females in urban areas in 1998-99. With the increasing population,
unemployment rates are bound to rise even further. Several highly educated
people with Bachelors and Master’s degrees in India sit at home, because they
cannot find jobs. Unemployment, or underemployment,
further leads to poverty. This again starts the vicious cycle of poverty and
population explosion discussed above. Poverty leads to an increase in the population,
because poverty leads people to produce more children to increase the earning
members of the family. This increases the population size of India, which
further increases the unemployment rate and lack of educational facilities
leading to poverty that started this whole cycle.
Food Resources
Resources are always limited. And in a developing and highly
populous country like India, resources are even scarcer. Population explosion
results in the shortage of even the most basic resources like food. According
to an article by World Bank Group, “…more than half of all children under the
age of four are malnourished, 30 percent of newborns are significantly
underweight, and 60 percent of women are anemic.” Resources are limited
everywhere. Thus, unless we can develop a technology that would enable us to
live on just one grain of wheat, the population increase remains a serious
problem in India. India spends approximately $10 billion each year on
malnutrition (World Bank Group), and even then the government of India cannot
provide the everyday nutritional requirements to everybody in India. If you
walk on the street of Calcutta or Delhi, you would notice several children
fighting with each other for a small piece of bread that they found in a
dumpster. While this might be shocking to most people, this is a daily routine
and the only way to survive for many people in India. Survival of the fittest
finds its true meaning on the streets of the urban cities of India. Just
writing this, brings tears in my eyes remembering the scenes I have seen all my
life on the streets of India. Something like food that most of us consider as a
basic necessity, is a privilege for most of the children of India who are
homeless because their parents cannot give them the basic necessities of life.
I was raised in a well-to-do family, so I never had to think about food. As
long as I was living in India, it was normal for me to see poor people fighting
for food. But recently when I went back to India, and noticed the difference
between the streets in the U.S. and India, one major difference struck me. That
difference was not the pollution on the streets, but the kids who were only
begging for food and nothing else, and the ones who were fighting next to the
garbage cans for food. If the population continues to increase at the rate it
is currently increasing, then the future of India is what we see today on the
street of the country. Is this what we want for our children?
No comments:
Post a Comment